Tugas 4 Pembelajaran Bahasa Inggris Berbantuan Komputer

CLAUSES 


What is Clause?

     A clause is a group of words that includes a subject and a verb. Subject tells readers what the sentence is about, and a verb that tells readers what the subject is doing. A clause comes in four types; independent (main), dependent(subordinate), relative (adjective) or noun clause.
A clause can be distinguished from a phrase, which does not contain a subject and a verb (e.g., in the afternoon, drinking from the bowl).

Independent / Main Clause


     An independent clause can stand alone in a sentence. It contains a subject and a verb in its smallest form. A clause may also include modifiers and a verb predicate. It is a complete thought and the smallest unit of grammar that is syntactically accurate. Every main clause will follow this pattern:

Subject + Verb = Complete Thought.

Here are some examples : 
  • Lazy students whine.

Students = subject; whine = verb.
  • Cola spilled over the glass and splashed onto the counter.

Cola = subject; spilled, splashed = verbs.
  • My dog loves pizza crusts.

Dog = subject; loves = verb.
  • Tara ate a cheese roll after she watched the news.

Tara = subject; ate = verb. Tara ate a cheese roll  is an independent clause. It works as a standalone sentence. 


Dependent / Subordinate Clause 


     A dependent clause is usually a supporting part of a sentence, and it cannot stand by itself as a complete sentences. To complete the thought, you must attach each subordinate clause to a main clause. A dependent / subordinate clause will follow this pattern:

Subordinate Conjunction + Subject + Verb = Incomplete Thought.

Here are some examples:
  • Whenever lazy students whine, Mrs. Russell throws chalk erasers at their heads.

Whenever = subordinate conjunction; students = subject;whine = verb.
  • Anthony ran for the paper towels as cola spilled over the glass and splashed onto the counter.

As = subordinate conjunction; cola = subject; spilled,splashed = verbs.
  • Because my dog loves pizza crusts, he never barks at the deliveryman.

Because = subordinate conjunction; dog = subject; loves = verb. 

Generally, the punctuation looks like this:

Main Clause + Ø + Subordinate Clause.

Subordinate Clause + , + Main Clause.

Relative / Adjective Clause

     A relative clause will begin with a relative pronoun [such as who, whom, whose, which, or that] or a relative adverb [when, where, or why].
The patterns look like these:

Relative Pronoun or Adverb + Subject + Verb = Incomplete Thought.

Relative Pronoun as Subject + Verb =Incomplete Thought.

Here are some examples:
  • The lazy students whom Mrs. Russell hit in the head with a chalk eraser soon learned to keep their complaints to themselves.

Whom = relative pronoun; Mrs. Russell = subject; hit = verb.
  • My dog Floyd, who loves pizza crusts, eats them under the kitchen table, where he chews and drools with great enthusiasm.

Who = relative adverb; loves = verbs.
  • Anthony ran to get paper towels for the cola that had spilled over the glass and splashed onto the counter.

That = relative pronoun; had spilled, splashed = verbs.
  • My dog Floyd, who eats too much pizza, has developed pepperoni breath.

 Who = relative pronoun; eats = verb.

Noun Clause

     Any clause that functions as a noun becomes a noun clause. Look at this example:
  • You really do not want to know the ingredients in Aunt Nancy's stew.

Ingredients = noun.
If we replace the noun ingredients with a clause, we have a noun clause:
  • You really do not want to know what Aunt Nancy adds to her stew.

What Aunt Nancy adds to her stew = noun clause.

References :
http://www.chompchomp.com/terms/clause.htm
https://writingexplained.org/grammar-dictionary/clauses

https://www.grammar-monster.com/glossary/clause.htm

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