Tugas 1 Pembelajaran Bahasa Inggris Berbantuan Komputer

REPORTED SPEECH

Reported speech is when you tell somebody else what you or a person said before. Distinction must be made between direct and reported speech.

Statement

Reporting statement; when transforming statement, check wether you have to change:

1.       Pronouns (you have to change the pronoun depending on who says)

2.       Tenses

3.       Place and time expression

example: She says, “my dad likes roast chiken.” Change to → She says that her dad likes roast chiken.

Table of Tenses

Present Simple	“ I like ice cream”
	She says that she liked ice cream
Present continuous	“ I am living in London”
	She says that she was living in London
Past simple	“ I bought a car”
	She said that she had bought a car
Past continuous	“ I was walking along the street”
	She said that she had been walking along the street
Present perfect	“ I haven’t seen Julie “
	She said that she hadn’t seen Julie
Past perfect	“ I had taken English lessons before “
	She said that she had taken English lessons before
Simple future	“ I will see you later “
	She said that she would see me later

QUESTION

Direct Speech / Quoted Speech is spoken or written text that reports speech or thought in it’s original form phrased by the original speaker.

Indirect Speech / Reported Speech is when we give the same meaning of what someone says without repeating the exact words.

The different between direct and indirect speech

Direct usually enclosed in quotation marks, indirect doesn’t use quotation mark to enclose what the person said.

Reported speech questions is a form statement expressing other people questions that has been said directly by changing the format of the talks.

There are two types of questions

·         Yes / No questions ( the question sentence, the expected answer is yes / no and with use if / wether in indirect)

Example : Direct →” did you eat my cake?”

                    Indirect →She wanted to know if I’d eaten her cake

·         WH question

Example : Direct→ She asked me, “when can I meet you?”

                   Indirect →She asked me when she could meet me

                   Direct → The teacher asked, “have you done your work?”

                   Indirect → The teacher asked the students if they had done their homework.

Word order

Change form [aux + subj + verb] to [S + aux + verb]

My friend always asks, “ are they ready?” change to → my friend always asks if they are ready.

Types of sentence

Direct	Indirect
Simple Present Tense	Simple Past Tense
Do/ does + S + V1 + O	If / Wether + S + V2 + O
Simple Past Tense	Past Perfect Tense
Did + S + V1 + O	If / wether + S + had + V3
Present Continuous Tense	Past Continuous Tense
To be + S + Verb Ing	If/ wether + S + to be + Verb ing
Present Perfect Tense	Past Perfect Tense
Have / has + S + V3	If / wether + S + had + V3
Past Continuous Tense	Past Perfect Continuous tense
To be + S + Verb ing	If / wether + S + had + been + verb ing

 
IMPERATIVE

What is imperative?

An imperative sentence is a type of sentence that gives instructions or advice, and expresses a command, an order, a direction or a request.

Example :

-          Please take your seat!

-          Get out your language books!

-          Turn to page 7!

Types of Imperative sentence

-          Share a wish or request → “ have a good day!”

-          Offer an invitation → “please join me for dinner tonight!”

-          Share a command request → “stop beating the dog!”

-          Give instruction → “let him cool down, and then ask about the incident”.

Function of imperative

An imperative sentence plays an important role in writing as well as in speaking, and it’s commonly used in advertisements, manuals, instructions and road signs. Writers mostly use it to give clear and straightforward instructions, commands, or to express displeasure, likeness, fondness and love through their writings.